Chronic Back Pain
Overview
While most back pain is caused by muscle strain, injury or spinal deformity, it can also be caused by a systemic or rheumatic illness. Pain is considered chronic when it is present for more than three months.
Back pain can develop anywhere from the neck to the lower spine. The pain can be localized or spread across a wide area and radiate from a central point.
Symptoms
- Mild to severe pain that doesn't go away
- Dull aching
- Sharp or stabbing pain
- Aching or burning pain
- Stiffness
- Soreness
- Pain that extends to the legs, feet or hips
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of pain may be difficult to identify because it can originate in soft tissue, bone, discs or nerves. People who smoke or work at jobs that require repetitive or heavy lifting or involve vibration from vehicles or industrial machinery are more likely to develop low back pain. Sports such as cross-country skiing, as can driving a vehicle for a long time can also cause back pain.
Diseases such as spinal osteoarthritis or spondylitis and compression fractures can also cause pain. These conditions are more prevalent in the elderly. Consequently, older people are at higher risk for back pain.
Diagnosis
The doctor needs to decide if the pain comes from bones, muscles, nerves or an organ. The doctor will take a careful history and perform a physical examination. Imaging procedures to help identify where the pain is coming from include X-rays, bone scans, CT scan and MRI.
Treatment
Pain relievers such as aspirin, acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often the only treatment needed for back pain. Patients should avoid any activity that makes the pain worse. If the pain doesn't go away, additional consultations may be needed so that treatment can be directed at the specific cause of pain.
Sometimes, such as after an injury, physical therapy will be prescribed. A mechanical back brace may be recommended for a limited time. Injections with local anesthetics and steroids can help alleviate the pain. When other types of treatment don't work, surgery can be helpful.
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